If this process occurs spontaneously without being affected by external factors, it is called spontaneous radiation. The electrons in the high energy level E 2 in the atom generally have to transition to the lower energy level E 1, and at the same time emit energy of E 2 -E 1 of light radiation. The radiation process that excites atoms to spontaneously transition to lower energy levels.
This process of spontaneously returning from an excited state to a lower energy state to emit photons is called the spontaneous emission process. Without any external influence, they will spontaneously and independently return from a high energy level to a low energy level, and release one at the same time. Atoms in a high energy level (excited state) are unstable. Atoms are excited to transition from a low energy level to a high energy level. Spontaneous emission, also known as spontaneous emission, quantum transition, is a luminous process of atoms. Common light sources such as neon lights, fluorescent lights, LEDs and other common light sources are essentially spontaneous emission. The light-emitting process of ordinary light sources is the spontaneous emission process of a large number of atoms at a high energy level.
Therefore, spontaneous emission light is irrelevant fluorescence, and the energy of the spontaneous emission light field is distributed in a wide frequency range. The spontaneous radiation generated by different atoms has a certain degree of arbitrariness in frequency, phase, polarization direction and propagation direction. Each atom is independent of each other during the spontaneous transition. Spontaneous radiation is a spontaneous process that is not affected by the external radiation field. Under the action of this radiation field, the atom will spontaneously transition from the upper energy level to the lower energy level, and at the same time emit a photon with energy hν into the radiation field. Even if there is no artificially applied radiation field in the space, there will be a zero-point field spontaneously, that is, a vacuum field with radiation field mode n=0. Spontaneous emission is the transition of atoms under the action of a vacuum field.
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